Opening Remarks of The American Communication
Journal: Relaying A Discipline in the Midst of Transition.
The mediums discussed at the 1996 convention ranged from floppy disk
distribution of hypertext publications to CD-ROM subscriptions to an online
interactive collection. Once the decision to go online had been unanimously
supported, the Board of Director's next hurdle was to agree upon how to
proceed with this project. This was to be an experiment, an expansive journey
into both Cyberspace and the labyrinthine political and practical aspects
of the academic publishing infrastructure. Four resolutions emerged from the early discussions: One, the journal
would be free of cost to the reader. Two, the readership would be comprised
of a synthesis between academic, private, and public sectors. Three, articles
would conform to high standards of proof and rigor. Four, authors would
be required to fuse the converging online media into their research, adding
an interactive component to the usual journal reading experience. Save
one, all are very unconventional resolutions, to say the least. Bulgarian
writer Elias Canetti's sentiments in The Secret Heart of The Clock drove
us to see this project through: "It doesn't matter how new an idea
is; what matters is how new it becomes." After the convention, we (the Editor and Associate Editor) were faced with
what seemed to be an insurmountable task: make the vision of an American
Communication Journal a working reality. The challenge was to make our ideas
fecund in the midst of very open and honest criticism from our peers, colleagues,
and even mentors. Question after question began to present itself: Upon what
disciplinary approach(es) should this new journal focus? Should this journal
concentrate primarily upon new communication technologies? What daring scholars
would be brave enough to associate themselves with such a nontraditional proposition?
Furthermore, would the journal be predominantly qualitative or quantitative
in nature? Gads, what about a copyright policy befitting this new beast? Day by day, each substantive question raised seemed to carry an equally
substantive solution. In the end, we determined that the denominator in
each of these solutions was rooted in a comprehensive paradigm shift. Whereas
a complete break from our disciplinary tradition of publishing was required,
we had initially constrained our logic and creativity to the limits of
paper itself, completely out of habit. To borrow Canadian communication
theorist Marshall McLuhan's
line, we were "driving forward while looking in the rear-view mirror."
We have since learned that this harbinger model would require a mental
state of tabula rasa to sustain innovational success. The publishing conventions
and practices common to print, were not, are not, conducive to this new
enterprise. Anubis had come
for his dead, and we began life anew. Within our new paradigm, our first move was to explode the very concept
of what constitutes a review board. Appreciating the fact that human
energy drives all publishing efforts, our first step was to recruit a review
board that would harmonize character and credibility and then infuse this
mix into the new journal. While deciding the composition of our review
board, the issues of quality and methodological orientations began to cloud
our thoughts; surely Scylla
and Charybdis lay just ahead. Be that as it may, we resisted the urge
to recruit a small network of friends and colleagues researching kindred
foci. We decided to begin by using Comserve's
white page directory. With directory on screen, the ACJ Editors and
the ACA Board of Directors collaboratively sought out and culled a list of actively
publishing scholars in every facet of the communication discipline, and we invited
those involved and not involved with the American Communication Association
to serve. In fact, most of our editorial board members had not even heard of
our organization. All, however, are established specialists in their field of
inquiry. Once we had pinpointed these specialists, our next move was to ensure
that the Editorial Board would be geographically representative of the United
States. Once the journal is more firmly established, we plan to expand ACJ's
vision beyond the fifty states to include our neighbors throughout the Western
Hemisphere. At that time, all articles published will be translated into French,
Portugese, and Spanish. We believe that the seventy-four scholars associated with our journal
represent the most qualified and diverse team of reviewers available in
the communication discipline today. In addition, such a massive collection
of specialists allows us, the Editors, to deliver a specialized submission
to an authentic specialist, while at the same time not overburdening our
reviewers with a barrage of assignments. We further believe that this directly translates into evaluations based
more upon subdisciplinary substance than removed conjecture; meaning that
the article receives a germane review. A high degree of quality is, therefore,
inherent in our reviewing structure. However, as we embark upon this great
experiment into online publishing, this structure could be either beneficial
or detrimental depending upon one's perspective. For instance, the reader
will notice that Volume 1, Issue 1 sports only one piece of original scholarship.
This was unexpected since we had a respectable number of submissions from
various areas of interest. The precision of the reviews by our Editorial Board
have been of exceptional quality, and thus somewhat curtailing. Importantly, the reader and potential author of a submission must understand:
We are committed to release only those studies that are worthy of publication
in a national, soon to be international, journal. While this online journal
does not possess the financial restrictions placed upon paper publications
(i.e., we can literally publish twenty articles per issue in an online
context if such an event is warranted), we are resolved that the wishes
of our reviewers will not be ignored. Our purpose as editors is to serve
as the intermediaries, intervening only when necessary. In short, quality
outweighs other considerations: to wit, we offer only one article for this
issue. More scholars have asked questions about our format than have submitted
works for review. This is to be expected since we are dealing with a perceptually
speculative publishing model. Frankly, the idea that textual references,
graphics, video, and sound can be cited online by literally linking them
into the removed eye of the browser creates an additional burden for the
researcher. We concede this can either augment or reduce the intrinsic
value of the arguments presented in a given study. However, it is our opinion
that over time the additional burden of finding information online will
become as compulsory as drafting a bibliography. As the wealth of information
available in Cyberspace continues to expand, creating places for voices
and data that were otherwise sidelined from the marketplace of ideas, thorough
researchers will have little choice but to include Cyber based resources
in their projects. To this end, we argue that the online journal will then
represent the best model available for the proper delivery of such knowledge. One question that has been frequently asked concerns the promotion and
tenure value of an article published in an on-line journal. We feel that
one need only look so far as the members of our editorial board to see
the scholarly value of one of our on-line articles. These scholars accept
the new medium; these scholars define the level of quality of the articles
in our journal. One need only ask, if such an editorial board were to review
for a print journal, would the question of value even need to be asked?
We think not. What will ACJ become? What digital forms will it assume? What
issues will it face? The answers to these questions remain unknown to us.
Veritably, as we ponder the problems we now have we are reminded of Lord
Buckingham's words in Shakespear's Henry VI: "Tut,
these are petty faults to faults unknown, Which time will bring to light..." Which, in retrospect, is the beauty of this entire expedition. ACJ
is nothing short of a journey into the unknown; a voyage into the nebulae
of online information that surrounds the researcher who finds increasing
amounts of research effort consumed with on-line pursuits. Without the
starry-eyed plunges into that vast and unknown territory of the mind, without
a cunning demonstration of exactly how our new communication technologies
truly accentuate the learning process, the rationality engendered along
the timeless human conversation stalls. We now move into the unknown, ignoring
petty faults. Yes, there may well be other faults lurking beyond the pale
of this, our initial effort. We are confident they may be overcome and
that our harvest will be rich and bountiful indeed. Perhaps you, the reader, are moved by ACJ's vision; if so, join
us. We call for quality research. Those answering this call may take the
opportunity to unleash their ideas into a new and expressive environment.
Technical sophistication is not required; an expressive, imaginative, and
pioneering spirit is. The cosmos are ours for the experience, if we dare.
Tyrone
L. Adams, Editor
University of Arkansas at Monticello
and
Jim A.
Kuypers, Associate Editor
Dartmouth College
During the Board
of Director's work-session at the 1996
American Communication
Association (ACA) Convention in Charleston, South Carolina,
one issue continually emerged as a theme in our salon discussions: the
need for a new means of research presentation and delivery. Although paper
journals have historically conveyed findings in communication research,
we must not ignore the possibilities engendered by computer-mediated technologies;
these possibilities are often left unexplored and unused.